System for Parachute Deployment: Application to Indoor Model Rocketry
APSC 200: Engineering Design and Practice II
Introduction and Problem Statement
The client, MECHmania™ Engineering Simulations Inc, developed a cutting-edge indoor parachute deployment system for educational purposes. They need to test the system to determine its performance characteristics, including successful and reliable deployment at an altitude between 3m to 12m, no component breakage during launch or landing, and a maximum descent rate of 3m/s. The testing will involve launch and failure reports, along with proposed changes to mitigate failure. After testing, the client will evaluate the design's reliability, attractiveness, and simplicity, in addition to prototype fabrication.
Background Research
Background research was conducted to guide the design and testing phases of the project. The model rocket market and existing parachute systems, rocketry flight, and general safety protocols were explored. Two main categories of model rocket parachute deployment systems were identified, active and passive. Passive deployment options were selected because they are simpler and less prone to failure caused by coding errors or mechanical malfunctions. The ideal time for parachute deployment is at apogee, but predictions can be made. A height-triggered release system was deemed more difficult to implement, and it was decided to use the motion of the launch itself to activate the release system. Parachute design is dependent on the desired descent rate, and the drag force produced is a product of multiple factors. The shape of a parachute does not have a significant effect on its performance, but its weight does. Permeability, which determines the speed at which fluids (air) pass through the canopy's material, can lower the parachute's effectiveness if too low. Finally, safety guidelines were pulled from the Canadian Association of Rocketry to ensure the final product and instructions for its use do not put any persons in harm's way.
Final Design and Conclusion
The final design solution for the parachute and payload deployment system includes a modified tube with eight cuts creating flaps that spring outwards when the cap comes off, allowing for easy deployment of the parachute and payload. The tube is not attached to the parachute as the flaps create a high drag shape that falls with the cap down. The cap is made of durable plastic and has a clip to attach the payload. The design is simple, effective, and reliable, and has been decorated with various colors of tape for visual appeal.